Study of the antibacterial activity of heavy metals as a method of improving the work of valeology circles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32405/2309-3935-2023-4(91)-51-55Keywords:
antibacterial properties, Ag+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, health care competenceAbstract
According to WHO data, mortality from diseases caused by bacterial pathogens is increasing. Therefore, the search for substances with antibacterial properties is relevant. Research into the antibacterial properties of metals is new in this direction. Man creates new antibiotics, but bacteria adapt to them. Therefore, the issue of pupils and students mastering the method of searching for substances with antibacterial properties remains relevant. The method of this work is the study of the effect of silver, copper, lead and iron ions on opportunistic bacteria and the development of a methodology for familiarizing the students of valeology circles in extracurricular education institutions with the antibacterial properties of metals. As a result of the conducted biological experiment, it was demonstrated that among Ag+, Pb2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ ions, silver ions show the highest antibacterial activity. Staphylococcus aureus (the lysis zone was approximately 45 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the lysis zone – 40 mm) and Escherichia coli (the lysis zone – 35 mm) were particularly sensitive to the latter. Cu2+ and Fe3+ ions have the greatest fungicidal properties among the studied ions, the lysis zone for Candida albicans was 20.8 mm for copper ions, and 19.1 mm for lead. The pedagogical experiment demonstrated that the use of a biological experiment increased the level of students’ knowledge by 15.3%, and the lecture method by 7.4%, which indicates the higher efficiency of the laboratory method in the formation of the knowledge component of health care competence. Students who participated in the laboratory work “Antibacterial effect of heavy metals” better learned the mechanisms of action of silver, copper, lead, and iron ions on living organisms, the features and differences of the effects of silver and copper, the level of toxicity of heavy metals, and the antibacterial effect of each metal relative conditionally pathogenic bacteria. In the course of a formative experiment, this group of students better-developed algorithms for using dishes made of silver, copper, and lead in the conditions of a cholera, typhus epidemic, and during an outbreak of pneumococcal infection. Thus, the application of the laboratory method also contributes to the formation of practical skills.
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